On Albertson spectral properties of graphs with self-loops
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13069/jacodesmath.v13i1.359Keywords:
Self-loops, Albertson matrix, Albertson energyAbstract
The Albertson irregularity measure is defined as $Alb(\Gamma)=\sum_{uv\in E(\Gamma)} \vert d(u)-d(v)\vert.$ In this work, the concept of Albertson energy is extended from simple graphs to graphs with self-loops. Also the expression for the Albertson eigenvalues of a graph with self-loops are given. Some bounds on the Albertson energy of graphs with self-loops and the spread of $Alb(\Gamma_S)$ are obtained. In the last section, the Albertson energy of complete, complete bipartite, crown and thorn graphs with self-loops are computed.
Accepted: 3 August 2025
Downloads
References
H. Abdo, N. Cohen, D. Dimitrov, Graphs with maximal irregularity, Filomat 28 (2014) 1315–1322.
H. Abdo, D. Dimitrov, I. Gutman, Graph irregularity and its measures, Applied Mathematics and Computation 357 (2019) 317–324.
M. Abdullah, B. Gebremichel, S. Hayat, J. H. Koolen, Distance-regular graphs with a few q-distance eigenvalues, Discrete Mathematics 347 (2024) 113926.
A. Abiad, B. Brimkov, S. Hayat, A. P. Khramova, J. H. Koolen, Extending a conjecture of Graham and Lovász on the distance characteristic polynomial, Linear Algebra and its Applications 693 (2024) 63–82.
S. Akbari, H. Al Menderj, M. H. Ang, J. Lim, Z. C. Ng, Some results on spectrum and energy of graphs with loops, Bulletin of the Malaysian Mathematical Sciences Society 46 (2023) 1–18.
M. O. Albertson, The irregularity of a graph, Ars Combinatoria 46 (1997) 219–225.
D. V. Anchan, S. D’Souza, H. J. Gowtham, P. G. Bhat, Sombor energy of a graph with self-loops, MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry 90 (2023) 773–786.
M. Azari, On the Gutman index of thorn graphs, Kragujevac Journal of Science 40 (2018) 33–48.
E. R. Barnes, A. J. Hoffman, Bounds for the spectrum of normal matrices, Linear Algebra and its Applications 201 (1994) 79–90.
I. Gutman, The energy of a graph, Berichte der Mathematisch-Statistischen Sektion im Forschungszentrum Graz 103 (1978) 1–22.
I. Gutman, I. Redžepović, B. Furtula, A. Sahal, Energy of graphs with self-loops, MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry 87 (2022) 645–652.
I. Gutman, M. Togan, A. Yurttaş, A. S. Çevik, I. N. Cangül, Inverse problem for sigma index, MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry 79 (2018) 491–508.
A. Jahanbani, Albertson energy and Albertson Estrada index of graphs, Journal of Linear and Topological Algebra 8 (2019) 11–24.
J. H. Koolen, M. Abdullah, B. Gebremichel, S. Hayat, Distance-regular graphs with exactly one positive q-distance eigenvalue, Linear Algebra and its Applications 689 (2024) 230–246.
J. Liu, Y. Chen, D. Dimitrov, J. Chen, New bounds on the energy of graphs with self-loops, MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry 91 (2024) 779–796.
D. S. Mitrinović, P. M. Vasić, Analytic inequalities, Berlin: Springer (1970).
K. M. Popat, K. R. Shingala, Some new results on energy of graphs with self-loops, Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 61 (2023) 1462–1469.
B. R. Rakshith, K. C. Das, B. J. Manjunatha, Y. Shang, Relations between ordinary energy and energy of a self-loop graph, Heliyon 10 (2024) e27756.
Z. Raza, The expected values of some indices in random phenylene chains, The European Physical Journal Plus 136 (2021) 1–5.
Z. Raza, S. Akhter, R. Hasni, Maximal first Zagreb connection index of trees with given total domination number, Discrete Applied Mathematics 368 (2025) 82–90.
Z. Raza, A. Ali, Bounds on the Zagreb indices for molecular (n,m)-graphs, International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 120 (2020) e26333.
F. Zhang, The Schur complement and its applications, Springer Science and Business Media (2006).